Here’s a rhetorical question: why, if fat is the problem, has per capita consumption of fat gone down precipitously for the past 30 years … yet obesity has increased dramatically?
It’s an ancient tale. Often someone will make the opening statement, “to make a long story short.” As we know, they frequently fall short of being short. I can promise you the version of the story today will be shorter than the actual story, which is 4 billion years old.
Dog Obesity and Diet: An Ancient Tale
All mammals have a set of genes and metabolic machinery that has been perfected by four billion years of evolution, and it is remarkably similar in all mammals, including our pets and ourselves. The most obvious feature of mammalian DNA is the incredible ability it bestows on us to survive on lack. As written in my book:
“A silent force powers each creature’s daily survival. It is all the thousands of enzyme systems faithfully transferred forward by genes to deal with lack or insufficiency. This can be first a lack of a basic nutrient, such as protein or copper, and secondly lack of subsequent or secondary products, such as amino acids or copper dependent enzymes. We can endure the lack of certain nutrients for months, and in some instances, years. Everyone has skipped a meal now and then, many fast for days on a voluntary basis, and the annals of history are full of tales of survival for weeks or even months on the most meager of ratios. What is even more intriguing is that the emaciation of months of starvation in adult is usually repaired without a trace in a relatively short time.”
One example of mammalian ability to deal with lack is seen with dietary calcium. If the diet contains inadequate calcium, bone is dissolved to keep blood levels sufficient. Liver stores vitamin A so efficiently that one can function perfectly with no vitamin A in the diet for months and even years. Pregnancy can be cited as an example of this survival machinery at its most sophisticated. In mild starvation, peripheral tissue sensitivity to insulin drops measurably. The effect is to shunt critical blood sugar to the fetus, enhancing survival of the next generation at the temporary inconvenience of the mother. But if the starvation becomes severe, full insulin sensitivity returns to peripheral tissues.
This at first seems incongruous, as it invariably results in abortion. But evolution knew what it was doing. In dire circumstances, pregnancy greatly complicates survival chances, so emphasis reverts to keeping the mother alive, to be a mother later in better times.
Perfected By Lack
All mammals are especially perfected to deal with lack of energy, the foremost nutrient, after water. Whether talking of protein, fat or carbohydrate, there is a way to convert it to energy. Some amino acids (protein building blocks) are so quick to convert to energy that they are called glucogenic amino acids.
Ruined By Excess
However, mammals, including pets and people, have no ability to deal with constant, excess starch and sugar. There is a logical explanation.
As four billion years of evolution adapted all creatures to their surroundings, constant high levels of starch and sugar were never encountered. If you analyze anything that might constitute food or nourishment, anywhere in the world, it will be low in starch and sugar. The average starch and sugar content of meat, fish, eggs, insects, plants, fruits, berries, and vegetables is about 4%. Of course, honey and berries are high in sugar. But honey was rarely found, and berries are mostly water. Eating berries to satiety actually does not overload metabolism, and even if it does, the berries don’t last but a few days in a primordial setting.
Hormone Abuse
Contrast this 4% starch-sugar content of the primordial world with the average starch-sugar content of dry, expanded pet food, the type bought in the grocery store.
Most all dry pet food is 40% carbohydrate. It should be obvious where this discussion is going; 4% versus 40%.
A single large feeding a day of a diet that is 40% carbohydrate is in drastic conflict with what we have evolved to thrive on, and constitutes literal hormone abuse.
Consider that there are 8 hormones that raise blood sugar, yet only one that lowers it. From this, we can conclude that nature saw a great deal of importance to keeping blood sugar held up to a minimum safe level, and relatively little need to lower blood sugar. This one blood lowering hormone, insulin, was invented, so to speak, to capture the rare or occasional spike in blood sugar and save it as fat. In this regard, insulin served a critical role in our evolution, and as we know, insulin is very proficient at this assignment. The hormone insulin is identical, to the last molecule, in all mammals, and does the exact same thing in all creatures.
Dim Light Becomes Sun Light
As an analogy, suppose we had spent the last 4 billion years in a world of twilight and starlight, when suddenly a brilliant sun appeared. Our eyes would struggle to deal with this new development. This is quite similar to what happened to mankind 10,000 years ago with the introduction of genetic modification of grain, and the advent of the agricultural revolution.
For perspective, 10,000 years in the history of evolution is the same as a second in five days. Mammalian diets before the advent of farming were better. Dr Weston Price traveled the world in the 1930s evaluating the health of specific populations. He found 11 societies that existed in two isolated groups at the same time. Each had portions of their group adhering to their historical hunter-gatherer lifestyle, and a portion that had adopted modern western diets. In all 11 cases, the hunter gatherers were healthier, with virtually no bone or dental problems. Skeletons of people living in the near east prior to 10,000 years ago are 3inches taller than those that came later.
The foraging of pre-agriculture humans provides an ideal model for us. It is precisely what we are evolved to do. Foraging has three inherent and important advantages; it keeps you moving (exercise), it invariably is automatic portion control, and it only serves foods of a chemical composition we are designed to eat (low in starch and sugar).